The ports & connectivity options on your laptop define what all you can connect with your laptop.
You need these to connect with pen drive, external hard disk, mouse, projector,TV,headphones or even to charge your phone .
Make sure your leptop has enough ports for connecting multiple devices simultaneously,especially the ones you will use most often.
Different ports serve diffirent purposes,but here are a few essential ones to llok for:
These ports are used to connect regular USB devices like mobile phones,Pen drive etc.
A higher number with the USB indicates a faster speed. (Example: USB 3.1 is faster than USB 3.0 which is fater than USB 3.0 which is faster than USB 2.0)
These ports provide faster data transfer and smaller sized chargers compared to USB A.You can use these to connect universal charges and docks.
Use this to directly connect microSD or SD memory cards to copy data from your DSLR or phone.
With this connector you can connect your laptop with an LED TV or projector.
This is an older type of connector for TVs, monitors and projectors.
This is the latest and fastest type of connector for laptops. Thunderbolt is a combination of Type C connector and DisplayPort and allows charging, connection with peripherals or displays,with a single port.
One tip - You can tell if a laptop has Thunderbolt enabled USB-C ports by looking for a lighting bolt next to it.